Sabbateans: Jacob Frank, Sabbatai Zevi, Yakov Leib Hakohain, Nathan of Gaza, Smail Cem Pekci, Donmeh, Tansu Ciller, Nehemiah Hayyun

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 27. Chapters: Jacob Frank, Sabbatai Zevi, Yakov Leib HaKohain, Nathan of Gaza, smail Cem pekci, Donmeh, Tansu Ciller, Nehemiah Hayyun, Abdi pekci, Abraham ha-Yakini, Mehmet Cavit Bey, Johan Kemper, Abraham Miguel Cardoso, Donmeh West, Mordecai Mokiach, Judah Leib Prossnitz, Sabiha Sertel, Abraham ben Levi Conque, Behr Perlhefter, Joshua Heschel Zoref, Jacob Querido, Moses Pinheiro. Excerpt: Sabbatai Zevi, (Hebrew: , other spellings include Sabbatai evi, Shabbetai evi, Sabbatai Sevi, and Sabetay Sevi in Turkish), (August 1, 1626 - c. September 17, 1676 in Dulcigno (present day Ulcinj), Montenegro) was a Sephardic Rabbi and kabbalist who claimed to be the long-awaited Jewish Messiah. He was the founder of the Jewish Sabbatean movement. At the age of forty, he was forced by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV to convert to Islam. Some of his followers also converted to Islam, about 300 families who were known as the Donmeh (aka Donme) (converts). Sabbatai Zevi was born in Smyrna on (supposedly) Tisha B'Av or the 9th of Av, 1626, the holy day of mourning. Zevi's family were Romaniotes from Patras in present-day Greece; his father, Mordecai, was a poultry dealer in the Morea. During the war between Turkey and Venice, Smyrna became the center of Levantine trade. Mordecai became the Smyrnan agent of an English trading house and managed to achieve some wealth in this role. In accordance with the prevailing Jewish custom of the time, Sabbatai's father had him study the Talmud . He attended a yeshiva under the rabbi of Smyrna, Joseph Escapa. Studies in halakha (Jewish law) did not appeal to him, but apparently he did attain proficiency in the Talmud. On the other hand, he was fascinated by mysticism and the Kabbalah, as influenced by Rabbi Isaac Luria. He found the practical kabbalah, with its asceticism, through which its devotees claimed...